] Is it possible that part of reason that Mr. Bennet seems to put down and tease his daughters is in part to the frustration that he may feel at not having any sons?

Maybe, but I don't think we have any evidence that Mr. Bennet cared about having sons, other than that not having one spoiled his clever plan to join with the son to break the entail, once the son came of age (assuming that the son lived to come of age, and that the son would have done anything so contrary to his own financial interests).

] How much of an influence would Mr Bennet have in the teaching and upbringing of the daughters to ready them for marriage? Wouldn't it be more in the hands of Mrs. Bennet?

Mr. Bennet, as a Regency-era father, had the ultimate responsibility for making sure that his daughters were raised properly, even if he would not have been expected to take the hands-on approach. He has known since shortly after his marriage that his wife was not up to the job, but he has not made other arragements.

] Could then the comments about the girls being silly that Mr. Bennet makes in fact be a statement on the job he thinks his wife has done? Especially in reference to the younger girls.