Samuel Johnson's 'Dictionary of the English Language' defines "office" in terms of a role, duty or action, and also as a place where business is carried out. Johnson uses the term in the former sense in many other definitions in The Dictionary.

I agree with Myretta that the word is still used with the sense of a role or action. Thanking a person for their "good offices" in doing something has a very formal feel nowadays and may be becoming obsolete, but think of expressions such as "the office of Chancellor", referring to the job not the room where the chancellor works, and nouns such as 'official', and 'officiant' (eg in relation to a religious ceremony).